What is schema theory in reading?

• A. A method for memorizing vocabulary
• B. The idea that reading is a passive activity
• C. A theory that explains how readers use existing knowledge to understand new information
• D. A belief that all reading is done better with group study

Answer: (C)

Schema theory is a cognitive framework that describes how individuals use their prior knowledge and experiences to make sense of new information. In the context of reading, this means that when readers encounter text, they activate relevant schemas or mental models based on what they already know. These schemas help them interpret, understand, and integrate new information more effectively.

For example, when reading a story about a family gathering, a reader might draw upon their own memories of similar events to better understand the motivations of the characters and the context of the situation. This process enhances comprehension and retention because it connects new information to existing cognitive structures.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of schema theory. Memorizing vocabulary does not involve the integration of prior knowledge in the same way schema theory describes. Moreover, the idea that reading is a passive activity contradicts the active engagement required when readers utilize their schemas. Lastly, while group study can promote learning, schema theory specifically focuses on individual cognitive processes, not collaborative learning practices.