What does the cyclical model of the reading process include?

• A. Only reading and assessment
• B. Pre-reading, during-reading, and post-reading activities
• C. Learning vocabulary before reading
• D. Assessing reading comprehension only

Answer: (B)

The cyclical model of the reading process encompasses pre-reading, during-reading, and post-reading activities, which is fundamental in promoting comprehension and engagement with texts.

In the pre-reading phase, strategies such as activating prior knowledge, setting a purpose for reading, and previewing the text are employed to prepare readers for what they are about to encounter. During the reading phase, the focus shifts to actively engaging with the text, where strategies like questioning, summarizing, and making connections come into play to enhance comprehension. The post-reading phase involves reflection and discussion, encouraging readers to synthesize information, evaluate what they have read, and apply new knowledge.

This model highlights the dynamic and iterative nature of reading, emphasizing that comprehension is not a linear process but rather a cyclical one where readers may return to previous stages as they encounter new information or insights. By incorporating these three stages into the reading process, educators can better support diverse reading needs and enhance overall literacy development.